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emacs/etc/survival.tex

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%&tex
%
% Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card
% Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl>
%
% $Revision: 1.8 $
% $Date: 2000/05/05 22:00:48 $
%
%**start of header
% User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below
%
% \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 21}
% \section{NAME}
% optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space
% \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or
% \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function
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%
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% \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally
\def\plainfmtname{plain}
\ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname
\else
\errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly}
\endinput
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\fi
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% Copyright (c) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
% This file is part of GNU Emacs.
% GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
% any later version.
% GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
% the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
\def\versionnumber{1.0}
\def\year{2000}
\def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill
\vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter
Copyright \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break
Version \versionnumber{} for GNU Emacs 21, April 2000\break
Project W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl)
Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of
this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.\par}}
\hsize 3.2in
\vsize 7.95in
\font\titlefont=cmss10 scaled 1200
\font\headingfont=cmss10
\font\smallfont=cmr6
\font\smallsy=cmsy6
\font\eightrm=cmr8
\font\eightbf=cmbx8
\font\eightit=cmti8
\font\eighttt=cmtt8
\font\eightmi=cmmi8
\font\eightsy=cmsy8
\font\eightss=cmss8
\textfont0=\eightrm
\textfont1=\eightmi
\textfont2=\eightsy
\def\rm{\eightrm} \rm
\def\bf{\eightbf}
\def\it{\eightit}
\def\tt{\eighttt}
\def\ss{\eightss}
\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip
\newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns
\intercolumnskip=0.5in
% The TeXbook, p. 257
\let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn
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\output={\if L\lr
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\global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R
\else
\doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi}
\def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
\leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
\makefootline}
\advancepageno}
\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
\def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject}
\def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject
\if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi
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\end}
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\outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex
\centerline{\ss#2}
\vskip2\baselineskip}
\outer\def\section#1{\filbreak
\bskip
\leftline{\headingfont #1}
\askip}
\def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex }
\def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex}
\newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize
\def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth}
\def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces}
\def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent}
\def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces}
\def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent}
\def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= }
\newdimen\raggedstretch
\newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil
\def\nohyphens
{\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000}
\def\raggedspaces
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{\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax
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\xspaceskip=0.5em\relax}
\def\raggedright
{\raggedstretch=6em
\nohyphens
\rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch
\raggedspaces
\parfillskip=\raggedparfill
\relax}
\def\raggedcenter
{\raggedstretch=6em
\nohyphens
\rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch
\leftskip=\rightskip
\raggedspaces
\parfillskip=0pt
\relax}
\chardef\\=`\\
\raggedright
\nopagenumbers
\parindent 0pt
\interlinepenalty=10000
\hoffset -0.2in
%\voffset 0.2in
%**end of header
\title{GNU\ \ Emacs\ \ Survival\ \ Card}{for version 21}
In the following, \kbd{C-z} means hit the `\kbd{z}' key while
holding down the {\it Ctrl}\ \ key. \kbd{M-z} means hit the
`\kbd{z}' key while hitting the {\it Meta\/} (labeled {\it Alt\/}
on some keyboards) or after hitting {\it Esc\/} key.
\section{Running Emacs}
To enter GNU Emacs, just type its name: \kbd{emacs}.
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Emacs divides the frame into several areas:
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menu line,
buffer area with the edited text,
mode line describing the buffer in the window above it,
and a minibuffer/echo area in the last line.
\askip
\key{C-x C-c} quit Emacs
\key{C-x C-f} edit file; this command uses the minibuffer to read
the file name; use this to create new files by entering the name
of the new file
\key{C-x C-s} save the file
\key{C-x k} kill a buffer
\key{C-g} in most context: cancel, stop, abort partially typed or
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executing command
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\key{C-x u} undo
\section{Moving About}
\key{C-l} scroll current line to center of window
\key{C-x b} switch to another buffer
\key{M-<} move to beginning of buffer
\key{M->} move to end of buffer
\key{M-x goto-line} go to a given line number
\section{Multiple Windows}
\key{C-x 0} remove the current window from the display
\key{C-x 1} make active window the only window
\key{C-x 2} split window horizontally
\key{C-x 3} split window vertically
\key{C-x o} move to other window
\section{Regions}
Emacs defines a `region' as the space between the {\it mark\/} and
the {\it point}. A mark is set with \kbd{C-{\it space}}.
The point is at the cursor position.
\askip
\key{M-h} mark entire paragraph
\key{C-x h} mark entire buffer
\section{Killing and Copying}
\key{C-w} kill region
\key{M-w} copy region to kill-ring
\key{C-k} kill from the cursor all the way to the end of the line
\key{M-DEL} kill word
\key{C-y} yank back the last kill (\kbd{C-w C-y} combination could be
used to move text around)
\key{M-y} replace last yank with previous kill
\section{Searching}
\key{C-s} search for a string
\key{C-r} search for a string backwards
\key{RET} quit searching
\key{M-C-s} regular expression search
\key{M-C-r} reverse regular expression search
\askip
Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction.
\section{Tags}
Tags tables files record locations of function and
procedure definitions, global variables, data types and anything
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else convenient. To create a tags table file, type
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`{\tt etags} {\it input\_files}' as a shell command.
\askip
\key{M-.} find a definition
\key{C-u M-.} find next occurrence of definition
\key{M-*} pop back to where \kbd{M-.} was last invoked
\mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} run query-replace on all files
recorded in tags table
\key{M-,} continue last tags search or query-replace
\section{Compiling}
\key{M-x compile} compile code in active window
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\key{C-c C-c} go to the next compiler error, when in
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the compile window or
\key{C-x `} when in the window with source code
\section{Dired, the Directory Editor}
\key{C-x d} invoke Dired
\key{d} flag this file for deletion
\key{\~{}} flag all backup files for deletion
\key{u} remove deletion flag
\key{x} delete the files flagged for deletion
\key{C} copy file
\key{g} update the Dired buffer
\key{f} visit the file described on the current line
\key{s} switch between alphabetical date/time order
\section{Reading and Sending Mail}
\key{M-x rmail} start reading mail
\key{q} quit reading mail
\key{h} show headers
\key{d} mark the current message for deletion
\key{x} remove all messages marked for deletion
\key{C-x m} begin composing a message
\key{C-c C-c} send the message and switch to another buffer
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\key{C-c C-f C-c} move to the `CC' header field, creating one
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if there is none
\section{Miscellaneous}
\key{M-q} fill paragraph
\key{M-/} expand previous word dynamically
\key{C-z} iconify (suspend) Emacs when running it under X or
shell, respectively
\mkey{M-x revert-buffer} replace the text being edited with the
text of the file on disk
\section{Query Replace}
\key{M-\%} interactively search and replace
\key{M-C-\%} using regular expressions
\askip
Valid responses in query-replace mode are
\askip
\key{SPC} replace this one, go on to next
\key{,} replace this one, don't move
\key{DEL} skip to next without replacing
\key{!} replace all remaining matches
\key{\^{}} back up to the previous match
\key{RET} exit query-replace
\key{C-r} enter recursive edit (\kbd{M-C-c} to exit)
\section{Regular Expressions}
\key{. {\rm(dot)}} any single character except a newline
\key{*} zero or more repeats
\key{+} one or more repeats
\key{?} zero or one repeat
\key{[$\ldots$]} denotes a class of character to match
\key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} negates the class
\key{\\{\it c}} quote characters otherwise having a special
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meaning in regular expressions
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\key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} matches one of
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the alternatives (``or'')
\key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} groups a series of pattern elements to
a single element
\key{\\{\it n}} same text as {\it n\/}th group
\key{\^{}} matches at line beginning
\key{\$} matches at line end
\key{\\w} matches word-syntax character
\key{\\W} matches non-word-syntax character
\key{\\<} matches at word beginning
\key{\\>} matches at word end
\key{\\b} matches at word break
\key{\\B} matches at non-word break
\section{Registers}
\key{C-x r s} save region in register
\key{C-x r i} insert register contents into buffer
\key{C-x r SPC} save value of point in register
\key{C-x r j} jump to point saved in register
\section{Rectangles}
\key{C-x r r} copy rectangle to register
\key{C-x r k} kill rectangle
\key{C-x r y} yank rectangle
\key{C-x r t} prefix each line with a string
\key{C-x r o} open rectangle, shifting text right
\key{C-x r c} blank out rectangle
\section{Shells}
\key{M-x shell} start a shell within Emacs
\key{M-!} execute a shell command
\key{M-|} run a shell command on the region
\key{C-u M-|} filter region through a shell command
\section{Spelling Check}
\key{M-\$} check spelling of word at the cursor
\mkey{M-x ispell-region} check spelling of all words in region
\mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} check spelling of entire buffer
\section{International Character Sets}
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\key{C-x RET C-\\} select and activate input method for
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the current buffer
\key{C-\\} enable or disable input method
\mkey{M-x list-input-methods} show all input methods
\mkey{M-x set-language-environment} specify principal language
\key{C-x RET c} set coding system for next command
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\mkey{M-x find-file-literally} visit file with no conversion
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of any kind
\mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} show all coding systems
\mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} choose preferred coding system
\section{Keyboard Macros}
\key{C-x (} start defining a keyboard macro
\key{C-x )} end keyboard macro definition
\key{C-x e} execute last-defined keyboard macro
\key{C-u C-x (} append to last keyboard macro
\mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} name last keyboard macro
\section{Simple Customization}
\key{M-x customize} customize variables and faces
\section{Getting Help}
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Emacs does command completion for you. Typing \kbd{M-x}
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{\it tab\/} or {\it space\/} gives a list of Emacs commands.
\askip
\key{C-h} Emacs help
\key{C-h t} run the Emacs tutorial
\key{C-h i} enter Info, the documentation browser
\key{C-h a} show commands matching a string (apropos)
\key{C-h k} display documentation of the function invoked by
keystroke
\askip
Emacs gets into different {\it modes}, each of which customizes
Emacs for editing text of a particular sort. The mode line
contains names of the current modes, in parentheses.
\askip
\key{C-h m} get mode-specific information
\copyrightnotice
\bye
% Local variables:
% compile-command: "tex survival"
% End:
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% arch-tag: 4f9a0562-617b-4843-aee1-450c41d6b22c