This is a guide to installing the linux emulator with specific
instructions on installing and running Mathematica's Linux binary. Written by Brian N. Handy, Chuck Robey and myself. Reviewed by: jordan
This commit is contained in:
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# $Id: Makefile,v 1.10 1996/03/04 22:50:27 mpp Exp $
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# $Id: Makefile,v 1.11 1996/05/01 20:10:46 phk Exp $
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SRCS= authors.sgml basics.sgml bibliography.sgml boothelp.sgml
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SRCS+= booting.sgml contrib.sgml crypt.sgml ctm.sgml current.sgml dialup.sgml
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@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ SRCS+= mirrors.sgml nfs.sgml nutshell.sgml pgpkeys.sgml
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SRCS+= porting.sgml ports.sgml ppp.sgml printing.sgml quotas.sgml relnotes.sgml
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SRCS+= routing.sgml scsi.sgml sections.sgml sio.sgml
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SRCS+= skey.sgml slipc.sgml slips.sgml stable.sgml submitters.sgml sup.sgml
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SRCS+= synching.sgml troubleshooting.sgml userppp.sgml uart.sgml
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SRCS+= synching.sgml troubleshooting.sgml userppp.sgml uart.sgml linuxemu.sgml
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.include <bsd.sgml.mk>
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<!-- $Id: authors.sgml,v 1.19 1996/03/04 23:08:37 mpp Exp $ -->
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<!-- $Id: authors.sgml,v 1.20 1996/05/09 23:04:30 mpp Exp $ -->
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<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
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<!--
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@ -328,3 +328,11 @@ and double quotes.
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<!ENTITY a.fenner "Bill Fenner
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<tt><htmlurl url='mailto:fenner@FreeBSD.ORG'
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name='<fenner@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>">
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<!ENTITY a.brian "Brian N. Handy
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<tt><htmlurl url='mailto:handy@sxt4.physics.montana.edu'
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name='<handy@sxt4.physics.montana.edu>'></tt>">
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<!ENTITY a.chuck "Chuck Robey
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<tt><htmlurl url='mailto:chuckr@glue.umd.edu'
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name='<chuckr@glue.umd.edu>'></tt>">
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<!-- $Id: handbook.sgml,v 1.44 1996/05/01 20:10:55 phk Exp $ -->
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<!-- $Id: handbook.sgml,v 1.45 1996/05/09 23:04:40 mpp Exp $ -->
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<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
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<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN" [
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@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ name="FreeBSD FTP server"> or one of the numerous
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&submitters;
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&troubleshooting;
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&kerneldebug;
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&linuxemu;
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<chapt><heading>FreeBSD internals</heading>
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&booting;
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&memoryuse;
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@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
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<!-- $Id: $ -->
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<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
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<chapt><heading>Linux Emulation<label id="linuxemu"></heading>
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<p><em>Contributed by &a.brian and &a.rich;</em>
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<sect><heading>How to install the Linux emulator</heading>
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<p>Linux emulation in FreeBSD has reached a point where it's possible
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to run a large fraction of Linux binaries in both a.out and ELF
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format. The linux emulation in the -STABLE branch is capable of
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running Linux DOOM and Mathematica; the version present in
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FreeBSD-CURRENT is vastly more capable and runs all these as well as
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Quake, Abuse, IDL, netrek for Linux and a whole host of other
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programs.
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There are some Linux-specific operating system features that are not
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supported on FreeBSD. Linux binaries will not work on FreeBSD if they
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use the Linux /proc filesystem (which is different from the optional
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FreeBSD /proc filesystem) or i386-specific calls, such as enabling
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virtual 8086 mode.
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<p>To tell whether your kernel is configured for Linux
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compatibility simply run any Linux binary. If it
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prints the error message
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<verb>
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linux-executable: Exec format error. Wrong Architecture.
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</verb>
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then you do not have linux compatibility support and
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you need to configure and install a new kernel.
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Depending on which version of FreeBSD you are running, how you get
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Linux-emulation up will vary slightly:
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<sect1><heading>Installing Linux Emulation in 2.1-STABLE</heading>
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<p>The GENERIC kernel in 2.1-stable is not configured for linux
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compatibility so you you must reconfigure your kernel for it. There
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are two ways to do this: 1. linking the emulator statically in the
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kernel itself and 2. configuring your kernel to dynamically load the
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linux loadable kernel module (LKM).
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<p>To enable the emulator, add the following to your configuration file
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(c.f. /sys/i386/conf/LINT):
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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options "COMPAT_LINUX"
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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If you want to run doom or other applications
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that need shared memory
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also add the following.
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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options SYSVSHM
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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The linux system calls require 4.3 BSD system call compatibility. So
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make sure you have the following.
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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options "COMPAT_43"
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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If you prefer to statically link the emulator in the kernel rather than
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use the loadable kernel module (LKM), then add
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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options LINUX
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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Then run config and install the new kernel as described in the
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<ref id="kernelconfig:config" name="Configuration File">
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section.
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If you decide to use the LKM you must also install the loadable
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module. A mismatch of versions between the kernel and loadable
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module can cause the kernel to crash, so the safest thing to do is to
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reinstall the LKM when you install the kernel.
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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cd /usr/src/lkm/linux
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make all install
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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Once you have installed the kernel and the LKM, you can invoke
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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linux
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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as root to load the LKM. To see whether the LKM is loaded, run
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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modstat
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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which should produce output something like this.
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name
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EXEC 0 3 f0baf000 0018 f0bb4000 1 linux_emulator
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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You can cause the LKM to be loaded when the system boots in either of
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two ways. On FreeBSD-CURRENT and FreeBSD-STABLE enable it in
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/etc/sysconfig
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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linux=YES
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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by changing it from NO to YES. FreeBSD 2.1 RELEASE and earlier do not
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have such a line and on those you will need to edit /etc/rc.local to
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add the following line.
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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linux
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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<sect1><heading>Installing Linux Emulation in 2.2-CURRENT</heading>
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<p>In -current it is no longer necessary to specify options "LINUX"
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or options "COMPAT_LINUX". Linux emulation is done with an LKM
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(``Loadable Kernel Module'') so it can be installed on the fly without
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having to reboot. You'll need the following things in your startup files,
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however:
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<enum>
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<item> In <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>, you need the following line:
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<verb>
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linux=YES
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</verb>
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<item> This, in turn, triggers the following action in <tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt>:
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<verb>
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# Start the Linux binary emulation if requested.
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if [ "X${linux}" = X"YES" ]; then
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echo -n ' '; linux
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# XXX BOGUS - Linux script shouldn't make any output on success
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fi
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</verb>
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</enum>
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<p>If you want to verify it's running, <tt>modstat</tt> will do that:
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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% modstat
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Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name
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EXEC 0 4 f09e6000 001c f09ec010 1 linux_mod
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%
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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However, there have been reports that this fails on some
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FreeBSD-current systems. If for some reason you cannot load the linux
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LKM, then statically link the emulator in the kernel by adding
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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options LINUX
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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to your kernel config file. Then run config and install the new
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kernel as described in <ref id="kernelconfig:Building" name="Building
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and Installing a Custom Kernel">.
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<sect1><heading>Installing Linux Runtime Libraries</heading>
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<sect2><heading>Installing using the linux_lib port</heading>
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<p>Most linux applications use shared libraries, so you're still not
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done untill you install the shared libraries. It's possible to do
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this by hand, however, it's vastly simpler to just grab the
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<tt>linux_lib</tt> port:
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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% cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib
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% make all install
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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and you should have a working linux emulator. Legend (and the mail
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archives :-) seems to hold that Linux emulation works best with
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linux binaries linked against the ZMAGIC libraries; QMAGIC libraries
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(such as those used in Slackware V2.0) may tend to give the
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Linuxulator heartburn. As of this writing (March 1996) ELF emulation
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is still in the formulative stages but seems to work pretty well. Also,
|
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expect some programs to complain about incorrect minor versions. In
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general this doesn't seem to be a problem.
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<sect2><heading>Installing libraries manually</heading>
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|
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<p>If you don't have the ``ports'' distribution, you can install the
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libraries by hand instead. You'll need the Linux shared libraries
|
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that the program depends on and the runtime linker. Also, you will
|
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need to create a "shadow root" directory, /compat/linux, for Linux
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libraries on your FreeBSD system. Any shared libraries opened by
|
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Linux programs run under FreeBSD will look in this tree first. So, if
|
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a Linux program loads, for example, /lib/libc.so, FreeBSD will first
|
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try to open /compat/linux/lib/libc.so, and if that does not exist then
|
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it will try /lib/libc.so. Shared libraries should be installed in the
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shadow tree /compat/linux/lib rather than the paths that the Linux
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ld.so reports.
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|
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FreeBSD-current works slightly differently with respect to
|
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/compat/linux. On -current, all files, not just libraries, are
|
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searched for from the ``shadow root'' /compat/linux.
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|
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Generally, you will need to look for the shared libraries that Linux
|
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binaries depend on only the first few times that you install a Linux
|
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program on your FreeBSD system. After a while, you will have a sufficient
|
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set of Linux shared libraries on your system to be able to run newly
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imported Linux binaries without any extra work.
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|
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<sect2><heading>How to install additional shared libraries</heading>
|
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|
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<p>What if you install the linux_lib port and your application still
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complains about missing shared libraries? How do you know which
|
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shared libraries Linux binaries need, and where to get them?
|
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Basically, there are 2 possibilities (when following these
|
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instructions: you will need to be root on your FreeBSD system to do
|
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the necessary installation steps).
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|
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<p>If you have access to a Linux system, see what shared libraries
|
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it needs, and copy them to your FreeBSD system. Example: you have
|
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just ftp'ed the Linux binary of Doom. Put it on the Linux
|
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system you have access to, and check which shared libraries it
|
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needs by running `ldd linuxxdoom':
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<verb>
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% ldd linuxxdoom
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libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
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libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
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libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29
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</verb>
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<p>You would need go get all the files from the last column, and
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put them under /compat/linux, with the names in the first column
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as symbolic links pointing to them. This means you eventually have
|
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these files on your FreeBSD system:
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<verb>
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/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
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/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3 -> libXt.so.3.1.0
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/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
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/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0
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/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
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/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29
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</verb>
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<p>Note that if you already have a Linux shared library with a
|
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matching major revision number to the first column of the 'ldd'
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output, you won't need to copy the file named in the last column to
|
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your system, the one you already have should work. It is advisable to
|
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copy the shared library anyway if it is a newer version, though. You
|
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can remove the old one, as long as you make the symbolic link point to
|
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the new one. So, if you have these libraries on your system:
|
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<verb>
|
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/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27
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/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.27
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</verb>
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and you find a new binary that claims to require a later version
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according to the output of ldd:
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<verb>
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libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29
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</verb>
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|
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If it's only one or two versions out of date in the in the trailing
|
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digit then don't worry about copying /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 too, because
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the program should work fine with the slightly older version.
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However, if you like you can decide to replace the libc.so anyway, and
|
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that should leave you with:
|
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<verb>
|
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/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
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/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29
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</verb>
|
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|
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<p>Please note that the symbolic link mechanism is <em>only</em>
|
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needed for Linux binaries, the FreeBSD runtime linker takes care of
|
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looking for matching major revision numbers itself, you don't need to
|
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worry about that.
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|
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<sect2><heading>Configuring the ld.so -- for FreeBSD-current
|
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only</heading>
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|
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<p>This section applies only to FreeBSD-current only. Those running
|
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FreeBSD-stable should skip this section.
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|
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<p>Finally, if you run FreeBSD-current you must make sure that you
|
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have the Linux runtime linker and its config files on your system. You
|
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should copy these files from the Linux system to their appropriate
|
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place on your FreeBSD system (to the /compat/linux tree):
|
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<verb>
|
||||
/compat/linux/lib/ld.so
|
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/compat/linux/etc/ld.so.config
|
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</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If you don't have access to a Linux system, you should get the
|
||||
extra files you need from various ftp sites. Information on where to
|
||||
look for the various files is appended below. For now, let's assume
|
||||
you know where to get the files.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Retrieve the following files (all from the same ftp site to avoid any
|
||||
version mismatches), and install them under /compat/linux
|
||||
(i.e. /foo/bar is installed as /compat/linux/foo/bar):
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
/sbin/ldconfig
|
||||
/usr/bin/ldd
|
||||
/lib/libc.so.x.y.z
|
||||
/lib/ld.so
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>ldconfig and ldd don't necessarily need to be under /compat/linux,
|
||||
you can install them elsewhere in the system too. Just make sure they
|
||||
don't conflict with their FreeBSD counterparts. A good idea would be
|
||||
to install them in /usr/local/bin as ldconfig-linux and ldd-linux.
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Create the file /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.conf, containing the
|
||||
directories in which the Linux runtime linker should look
|
||||
for shared libs. It is a plain text file, containing a directory
|
||||
name on each line. /lib and /usr/lib are standard, you could
|
||||
add the following:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
/usr/X11/lib
|
||||
/usr/local/lib
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>When a linux binary opens a library such as /lib/libc.so the
|
||||
emulator maps the name to /compat/linux/lib/libc.so internally. All
|
||||
linux libraries should be installed under /compat/linux (e.g.
|
||||
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so, /compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so, etc.)
|
||||
in order for the emulator to find them.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Those running FreeBSD-current should run the Linux ldconfig program.
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
% cd /compat/linux/lib
|
||||
% /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Ldconfig is statically linked, so it doesn't need any shared
|
||||
libraries to run. It creates the file /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache
|
||||
which contains the names of all the shared libraries. It should rerun
|
||||
to recreate this file whenever you install additional shared
|
||||
libraries.
|
||||
|
||||
On FreeBSD-stable do not install /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache or run
|
||||
ldconfig becuase in FreeBSD-stable the syscalls are implemented
|
||||
differently and ldconfig isn't needed or used.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>You should now be set up for Linux binaries which only need a
|
||||
shared libc. You can test this by running the Linux ldd on
|
||||
itself. Suppose that you have it installed as ldd-linux, it should
|
||||
produce something like:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
% ldd-linux `which ldd-linux`
|
||||
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This being done, you are ready to install new Linux binaries.
|
||||
Whenever you install a new Linux program, you should check if it needs
|
||||
shared libraries, and if so, whether you have them installed in the
|
||||
/compat/linux tree. To do this, you run the Linux version ldd on the
|
||||
new program, and watch its output. ldd (see also the manual page for
|
||||
ldd(1)) will print a list of shared libraries that the program depends
|
||||
on, in the form majorname (jumpversion) => fullname.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If it prints "not found" in stead of fullname it means that you
|
||||
need an extra library. Which library this is, is shown in majorname,
|
||||
which will be of the form libXXXX.so.N You will need to find a
|
||||
libXXXX.so.N.mm on a Linux ftp site, and install it on your
|
||||
system. The XXXX (name) and N (major revision number) should match;
|
||||
the minor number(s) mm are less important, though it is advised to
|
||||
take the most recent version.
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1><heading>Configuring the host name resolver</heading>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If DNS does not work or you get the messages
|
||||
<tscreen>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
resolv+: "bind" is an invalid keyword
|
||||
resolv+: "hosts" is an invalid keyword
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
</tscreen>
|
||||
|
||||
then you need to configure a /compat/linux/etc/host.conf file
|
||||
containing:
|
||||
<tscreen>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
order hosts, bind
|
||||
multi on
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
</tscreen>
|
||||
|
||||
where the order here specifies that /etc/hosts is searched first and
|
||||
DNS is searched second. When /compat/linux/etc/host.conf isn't
|
||||
installed linux applications find FreeBSD's /etc/host.conf and
|
||||
complain about the incompatible FreeBSD syntax. You should remove
|
||||
`bind,' if you have not configured a name-server using the
|
||||
/etc/resolv.conf file.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Lastly, those who run FreeBSD-stable need to set an the
|
||||
RESOLV_HOST_CONF environment variable so that applications will know
|
||||
how to search the host tables. If you run FreeBSD-current you can
|
||||
skip this. For the /bin/csh shell use:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
setenv RESOLV_HOST_CONF /compat/linux/etc/host.conf
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
For /bin/sh use:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
RESOLV_HOST_CONF=/compat/linux/etc/host.conf; export RESOLV_HOST_CONF
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1><heading>Finding the necessary files</heading>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Note: the information below is valid as of the time this document
|
||||
was written, but certain details such as names of ftp sites,
|
||||
directories and distribution names may have changed by the time you
|
||||
read this.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Linux is distributed by several groups that make their own set
|
||||
of binaries that they distribute. Each distribution has its own
|
||||
name, like ``Slackware'' or ``Yggdrasil''. The distributions are
|
||||
available on a lot of ftp sites. Sometimes the files are unpacked,
|
||||
and you can get the individual files you need, but mostly they
|
||||
are stored in distribution sets, usually consisting of subdirectories
|
||||
with gzipped tar files in them. The primary ftp sites for the
|
||||
distributions are:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/distributions
|
||||
tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/distributions
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Some European mirrors:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
ftp.luth.se:/pub/linux/distributions
|
||||
ftp.demon.co.uk:/pub/linux/distributions
|
||||
src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/packages/linux/distributions
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>For simplicity, let's concentrate on Slackware here. This
|
||||
distribution consists of a number of subdirectories, containing
|
||||
separate packages. Normally, they're controlled by an install
|
||||
program, but you can retrieve files "by hand" too. First of all, you
|
||||
will need to look in the "contents" subdir of the distribution. You
|
||||
will find a lot of small text files here describing the contents of the
|
||||
separate packages. The fastest way to look something up is to retrieve
|
||||
all the files in the contents subdirectory, and grep through them for
|
||||
the file you need. Here is an example of a list of files that you
|
||||
might need, and in which contents-file you will find it by grepping
|
||||
through them:
|
||||
<tabular ca=ll>
|
||||
Library <colsep>Package <rowsep>
|
||||
ld.so <colsep>ldso <rowsep>
|
||||
ldconfig <colsep>ldso <rowsep>
|
||||
ldd <colsep>ldso <rowsep>
|
||||
libc.so.4 <colsep>shlibs <rowsep>
|
||||
libX11.so.6.0 <colsep>xf_lib <rowsep>
|
||||
libXt.so.6.0 <colsep>xf_lib <rowsep>
|
||||
libX11.so.3 <colsep>oldlibs <rowsep>
|
||||
libXt.so.3 <colsep>oldlibs <rowsep>
|
||||
</tabular>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>So, in this case, you will need the packages ldso, shlibs, xf_lib
|
||||
and oldlibs. In each of the contents-files for these packages, look
|
||||
for a line saying ``PACKAGE LOCATION'', it will tell you on which `disk'
|
||||
the package is, in our case it will tell us in which subdirectory we
|
||||
need to look. For our example, we would find the following locations:
|
||||
<tabular ca=ll>
|
||||
Package <colsep>Location <rowsep>
|
||||
ldso <colsep>diska2 <rowsep>
|
||||
shlibs <colsep>diska2 <rowsep>
|
||||
oldlibs <colsep>diskx6 <rowsep>
|
||||
xf_lib <colsep>diskx9 <rowsep>
|
||||
</tabular>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The locations called ``diskXX'' refer to the ``slakware/XX''
|
||||
subdirectories of the distribution, others may be found in the
|
||||
``contrib'' subdirectory. In this case, we could now retrieve the
|
||||
packages we need by retrieving the following files (relative to
|
||||
the root of the Slackware distribution tree):
|
||||
<tscreen>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
slakware/a2/ldso.tgz
|
||||
slakware/a2/shlibs.tgz
|
||||
slakware/x6/oldlibs/tgz
|
||||
slakware/x9/xf_lib.tgz
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
</tscreen>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Extract the files from these gzipped tarfiles in your
|
||||
<tt>/compat/linux</tt> directory (possibly omitting or afterwards
|
||||
removing files you don't need), and you are done.
|
||||
|
||||
<p><bf>See also:</bf>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
ftp.freebsd.org:pub/FreeBSD/2.0.5-RELEASE/xperimnt/linux-emu/README
|
||||
|
||||
/usr/src/sys/i386/ibcs2/README.iBCS2
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect><heading>How to Install Mathematica on FreeBSD<label id="mathematica"></heading>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><em>Contributed by &a.rich and &a.chuck</em>
|
||||
|
||||
This document shows how to install the Linux binary
|
||||
distribution of Mathematica 2.2 on FreeBSD 2.1.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Mathematica supports Linux but not FreeBSD as it stands. So once
|
||||
you have configured your system for Linux compatibility you have most
|
||||
of what you need to run Mathematica.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>For those who already have the student edition of
|
||||
Mathematica for DOS the cost of upgrading to the Linux
|
||||
version at the time this was written, March 1996, was
|
||||
$45.00. It can be ordered directly from Wolfram at
|
||||
(217) 398-6500 and paid for by credit card.
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1><heading>Unpacking the Mathematica distribution</heading>
|
||||
<p>The binaries are currently distributed by Wolfram on
|
||||
CDROM. The CDROM has about a dozen tar files, each of
|
||||
which is a binary distribution for one of the supported
|
||||
architectures. The one for Linux is named LINUX.TAR.
|
||||
You can, for example, unpack this into
|
||||
/usr/local/Mathematica:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
cd /usr/local
|
||||
mkdir Mathematica
|
||||
cd Mathematica
|
||||
tar -xvf /cdrom/LINUX.TAR
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1><heading>Obtaining your Mathematica Password</heading>
|
||||
<p>Before you can run Mathematica you will have to obtain
|
||||
a password from Wolfram that corresponds to your
|
||||
`machine ID.'
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Once you have installed the linux compatibility runtime
|
||||
libraries and unpacked the mathematica you can obtain
|
||||
the `machine ID' by running the program `mathinfo' in
|
||||
the Install directory:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install
|
||||
mathinfo
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
this will print out something like:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
LINUX: 'ioctl' fd=3D3, typ=3D0x89(=89), num=3D0x27 not implemented
|
||||
richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu=099845-03452-90255
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
where '9845-03452-90255' is your 'machine ID'. You can
|
||||
ignore the message about the ioctl that is not
|
||||
implemented. It won't prevent Mathematica from running
|
||||
in any way and you can safely ignore it, though you
|
||||
will see the message every time you run Mathematica.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>When you register with Wolfram, either by email, phone
|
||||
or fax, you'll give them the 'machine ID' and they will
|
||||
respond with a corresponding password consisting of
|
||||
groups of numbers. You need to add them both along
|
||||
with the machine name and license number in your
|
||||
mathpass file.
|
||||
|
||||
You can do this by invoking:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install
|
||||
math.install
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
It will ask you to enter your license number and the
|
||||
Wolfram supplied password. If you get them mixed up or
|
||||
for some reason the math.install fails, That's OK,
|
||||
because you can simply edit the file 'mathpass' in this
|
||||
same directory to correct the info manually.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>After getting past the password, math.install will ask
|
||||
you if you accept their canned install defaults, or if
|
||||
you want to use your own. If you are like us and
|
||||
distrust all install programs, you probably want to
|
||||
specify the actual directories. Beware. Although the
|
||||
math.install program asks you to specify directories,
|
||||
it won't create them for you, so you should perhaps
|
||||
have a second window open with another shell so that
|
||||
you can create them before you give them to the install
|
||||
program. Or, if it fails, you
|
||||
can create the directories and then restart the
|
||||
math.install program. The directories we chose to
|
||||
create beforehand and specify to math.install were:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
/usr/local/Mathematica/bin for binaries
|
||||
/usr/local/Mathematica/man/man1 for man pages
|
||||
/usr/local/Mathematica/lib/X11 for the XKeysymb file
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
You can also tell it to use /tmp/math.record for the
|
||||
system record file, where it puts logs of sessions.
|
||||
After this math.install will continue on to
|
||||
unpacking things and placing everything where it should
|
||||
go.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The Mathematica Notebook feature is included separately,
|
||||
as the X Front End, and you have to install it separately.
|
||||
To get the X Front End stuff correctly installed, cd
|
||||
into the /usr/local/Mathematica/FrontEnd directory and
|
||||
executed the ./xfe.install shell script. You'll have
|
||||
to tell it where to put things, but you don't have to
|
||||
create any directories because it uses all the same
|
||||
directories that had been created for math.install.
|
||||
When it finished, there should be a new shell script in
|
||||
/usr/local/Mathematica/bin called "mathematica".
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Lastly, you need to modify each of the shell scripts that
|
||||
Mathematica has installed. At the beginning of every shell script in
|
||||
/usr/local/Mathematica/bin add the following line:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
XKEYSYMDB=/usr/local/Mathematica/lib/X11/XKeysymDB; export XKEYSYMDB
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
This tells Mathematica were to find it's own version of the key
|
||||
mapping file XKeysymDB. Without this you will get pages of error
|
||||
messages about missing key mappings.
|
||||
|
||||
On FreeBSD-stable you need to add the following as well:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
RESOLV_HOST_CONF=/compat/linux/etc/host.conf; export RESOLV_HOST_CONF
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
This tells Mathematica to use the linux version of host.conf. This
|
||||
file has a different syntax from FreeBSD's host.conf, so you'll get an
|
||||
error message about /etc/host.conf if you leave this out.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>You might want to also modify your /etc/manpath.config
|
||||
file to read the new man directory, and you may need
|
||||
to edit your .cshrc file to add
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
/usr/local/Mathematica/bin
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
to your path.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>That's about all it takes, With this you should be able
|
||||
to type "mathematica" and get a really slick looking
|
||||
Mathematica Notebook screen up. Mathematica has included
|
||||
the Motif user interfaces, but it's compiled in statically,
|
||||
so you don't need the Motif libraries. Good luck doing this
|
||||
yourself!
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1><heading>Bugs</heading>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The Notebook front end is known to hang sometimes when reading
|
||||
notebook files with an error messages similar to:
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
File .../Untitled-1.mb appears to be broken for OMPR.257.0
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
We haven't found the cause for this, but it only affects the
|
||||
Notebook's X window front end, not the mathematica engine itself. So
|
||||
the command line interface invoked by 'math' is unaffected by this
|
||||
bug.
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1><heading>Acknowledgments</heading>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>A well-deserved thanks should go to &a.sos; and &a.peter;
|
||||
who made linux emulation what it is today, and Michael Smith who
|
||||
drove these two guys like dogs to get it to the point where it runs
|
||||
Linux binaries better than linux! :-)
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Id: sections.sgml,v 1.10 1996/03/04 22:50:30 mpp Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- $Id: sections.sgml,v 1.11 1996/05/01 20:11:01 phk Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Entities containing all the pieces of the handbook are -->
|
||||
|
@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
|
|||
<!ENTITY kerberos SYSTEM "kerberos.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY kernelconfig SYSTEM "kernelconfig.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY kerneldebug SYSTEM "kerneldebug.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY linuxemu SYSTEM "linuxemu.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY memoryuse SYSTEM "memoryuse.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY mirrors SYSTEM "mirrors.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY nfs SYSTEM "nfs.sgml">
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue